CLAUSEWITZ IN ENGLISH
The Reception of Clausewitz in Britain and America
by Christopher Bassford
Oxford University Press, 1994
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INDEX
to the book as printed in 1994
This index contains inaccuracies (page numbers in the second half of the book may be off by 1 or 2 pages) because of changes made by the publisher to pagination after the index had been submitted. For this on-line version, use our Search function.
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z
A
Adams, Sherman, 159
Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS), 151
AirLand Battle, U.S. Army doctrine of, 203
Air power, 149-151, 158, 192
Alamein, first battle of, 74, 149
Alger, John I., 107
Altham, General (UK) Edward A., 75, 77
American Civil War, 35, 50-55, 61, 70, 79, 81, 82, 90, 117, 119, 148, 155, 160, 163, 171, 173, 208, 215
American Expeditionary Force (AEF), 156, 165, 168
American Historical Association, 117, 189
American Military Institute, 172, 189
"Apostle of total war," as description of Clausewitz, 5, 63, 113, 129, 220
Army War College (US), 53, 78, 117, 154, 158, 163, 164, 188, 202, 203, 155
Arnold, General (USAF) Henry H. (Hap), 151
Asymmetrical strategy, 161
Atomic weapons. See "Nuclear weapons"
Auchinleck, Field-Marshal Sir Claude, 74, 149
Auftragstaktik, 49, 77, 191, 231 n.46
B
Balance of power mechanism, 16, 24, 31, 33, 89, 113, 140, 147, 148, 156, 166, 198, 184, 214, 218
Balck, Colonel Wilhelm, 154
Balfour, Arthur, 85
Ballard, General [UK] Colin R., 232 n.15, 254 n.22, 259 n.81
Bancroft, George, 161
Battle, bloodless (in military theory), 9, 15, 16, 28, 142-143, 196
Battle, centrality of in strategy, 63, 72, 80, 140, 157, 180
as only means in war, 15, 22, 28, 130
Beamish, Major North Ludlow, 38
Beresford, Admiral Charles, 98
Bernhardi, General Friedrich von, 87, 111, 155, 217
"Betrachtungen über einen künftigen Kriegsplan gegen Frankreich" ("Reflections on a Future Warplan against France," by Clausewitz), 88, 118-19
Beyerchen, Alan D., 226-227 n.29, n.32
Bigelow, John, 78
Birdsall, Paul, 125
Bismarck, Otto von, 19, 20, 23, 48, 65, 88, 95, 125, 171, 185, 198
Bismark, Friedrich Wilhelm, 38
Blenheim, battle of, 28
Blücher, Field Marshal Prince Gebhard Liberecht von, 37, 44
"Blue Water" school of naval strategy, 84, 96, 99-101
Blume, Wilhelm von, 69, 87, 89.
Blumenson, Martin, 255 n.5
Boguslawsky, General Albrecht von, 65, 87
Bourcet, Pierre de, 146
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 108
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 73, 104, 137
Brodie, Bernard, 3, 64, 97, 135, 174, 186-87, 189, 200, 201, 205-207, 222
Brower, Charles F., 152
Bull Run, battle of, 53-54, 118
Burne, Lieutenant-Colonel (UK) Alfred H., 180
Burns, Major [USA] John H., 172, 175, 192
C
Caemmerer, General Rudolf von, 87-90, 92, 95, 109, 119, 214, 220
Calhoun, John C., 167
Callwell, Colonel (UK) Charles Edward, 109
Camberley (British Army Staff College), 4, 35, 48, 62, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 104, 147
Campaign of 1796 in Italy, by Clausewitz, 45, 92
Campaign of 1812 in Russia, by Clausewitz, 10, 40, 45, 118
Campaign of 1813, by Clausewitz, 37, 62
Campaign of 1815 in France, by Clausewitz, 10, 41-45, 48, 54, 64
Cannae, battle of, 178
Castex, Admiral Raoul, 188
"Center of gravity," as theoretical concept, 27, 30, 106, 107, 131, 139, 151, 203, 247 n.23
Chaos theory, See Mathematics
Charles, Archduke of Austria, 18, 38, 50, 51, 61, 71
Charteris, Captain (UK) John, R.E., 90
Chesney, Colonel Charles C., 48, 49, 62, 70, 71, 84, 104, 110, 211
Chesney, Sir George Tomkyn, 70
Chicago, University of, 184
Chichele Chair in the History of War (Oxford
University), 83, 85, 110, 145, 146, 174, 192, 206, 217
Churchill, Winston Spencer, 98, 149, 192, 241 n.25
Civil-military balance, 4, 19-21, 22-23, 51, 75-77, 88, 91-92, 105, 120, 132, 155, 157, 175, 179, 182, 201, 202, 203, 213, 214, 215, 219
Clausewitz Project (Princeton University), 135, 206
Clodfelter, Major [USAF] Mark, 203
Cohen, Eliot, 208, 269 n.60,
Cold War, 4, 12, 114, 158, 161, 198, 199, 201, 209, 214
Colin, Jean, 45, 85, 92-93, 99, 109
Colomb, Admiral (RN) Philip Howard, 85, 95, 102, 104
"Colonel Blimp" caricature of British officer corps, 104, 134
Command and General Staff College (US Army), Fort
Leavenworth, Kansas, 78, 117, 154-158, 164, 167, 172, 196, 203
Committee of Imperial Defence (UK), 96, 101
Conger, Arthur Latham (USA), 117, 120, 247 n.23
Conner, General (USA) Fox, 158, 160
Corbett, Sir Julian Stafford, 8, 61, 95, 96-99, 101, 104, 106, 109, 110, 114, 131, 133, 146, 148, 149, 152, 155, 163, 164, 166, 175, 179, 187-189, 192, 204, 205, 216, 217, 221
Craig, Gordon A., 135, 174, 178-180, 185, 187, 206, 207
Crimean War, 17, 38, 40, 57, 60
Critical analysis, in Clausewitz's theory, 14, 48, 54, 180, 202, 208
Crowley, Aleister, 81, 136
"Culminating point," in Clausewitz's theory, 32, 45, 155
Curragh Mutiny, 105
D
Delbrück, Hans, 15, 47, 87, 89, 115, 124, 139, 174, 177-180, 185, 187, 205, 220, 260-261 n.4, n.6
and Ermattungsstrategie, Niederwerfungsstrategie, 179, 180
De Seversky, Alexander, 150
DeWeerd, Harvey, 174
Dialectic, 224 n.1
Dickman, General (USA) Joseph T., 78
Dilke, Charles W. (MP), 85, 98, 102
Doctrine, military, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15, 36, 64, 80, 105, 107, 122, 130, 132, 135, 142, 146, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 175, 203, 204, 207, 209, 214, 216, 221, 222
Douhet, Giulio, 142, 150-151
Dulles, John Foster, 159
Duparcq, Nicolas Édouard Delabarre, 46, 51
Dupuy, Colonel [USA] Trevor Nevitt, 208, 269 n.59, n.61
E
Earle, Edward Mead, 114, 173, 174, 176, 178, 184, 185, 189, 204
and military seminars at Princeton, 189
Easterners and Westerners (in World War One controversy), 76, 106, 131
Eccles, Admiral (USN) Henry E., 188, 189, 201
Economy of force (as theoretical concept), 93, 106, 147, 153, 164
Edmonds, General (UK) James Edward, 77, 104, 111, 125, 126, 136, 137, 196
Egerton, Francis, First Earl of Ellesmere, 6, 41-43, 45, 60, 61, 62, 217
Eisenhower, General and President Dwight D., 7, 8, 154, 157-162, 163, 175, 192, 197, 212, 219
Ellesmere See Egerton, Francis
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 70-72, 74, 80, 83, 124
Ends and means, relationship of, 22, 24, 26, 27, 49, 57, 109, 140, 161, 162, 201, 209, 219
Erdmann, Karl Dietrich, 206
"Ermattungsstrategie," 179, 180
Expansible army concept, 167, 169
Expatriates (German military writers), 114, 115, 174, 177, 180-188, 189, 190, 205, 212, 214
Experimental Mechanized Force (UK), 137
F
Falls, Cyril Bentham, 15, 23, 32, 114, 126, 145, 146, 148, 187, 189, 192, 212-214, 218
Finality of events, in Clausewitz's theory, 23, 121
Fischer, Fritz, 108
Fisher, Admiral (RN) John (Jackie), 85, 96, 98, 99, 109
Foch, Marshal Ferdinand, 92, 93, 106, 111, 127, 143, 147, 155
Franco-Prussian War, 37, 48, 62, 63, 67, 69, 106, 173, 177
Frederick II of Prussia ("the Great"), 10, 33, 89, 171, 178, 179, 187
French Revolution, 13, 16, 29, 33, 119, 198
Friction (as theoretical concept), 10, 16, 25, 26, 32, 38, 45, 75, 77, 81, 92, 191, 203, 206, 208, 219
Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia, 62
Friedrich Wilhelm, crown prince of Prussia, later King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, king of Prussia, 10, 58, 120
Fuller, Major-General John Frederick Charles, 8, 21, 81, 114, 115, 128, 129, 134-141, 143, 144, 147, 148, 153, 165, 166, 167, 185, 190, 192, 202, 205, 212, 216, 220
G
Gaddis, John Lewis, 161
and symmetrical/asymmetrical strategies, 161
Gallipoli, 85, 106, 131, 241 n.25
Gat, Azar, 67, 105, 193, 207, 216
Gatzke, Hans Wilhelm, 180, 181
General Staffs, 108, 147,
British army, 67, 73, 75, 77-78, 84, 85-86, 104 105, 110, 137, 145, 215, 245 n.2
Imperial General Staff (UK), 76, 105, 137
Japanese army, 87
Prussian/German, 15, 19, 48, 69, 70, 90, 101-102, 124, 178, 187, 247 n.1
United States army, 78, 85-86, 117, 165
German expatriates. See "expatriates"
German military model, 19, 35, 36, 49, 68, 77, 84, 106, 116, 175, 192
Gilbert, Felix, 174, 178
Gleichen, Colonel Count (UK), 75
Gneisenau, Field Marshal Augustus Wilhelm, Graf von, 37, 142, 227 n.45
Goltz, Field Marshal Colmar Freiherr von der, 75, 78, 80, 87-89, 99, 106, 108, 116, 153-155, 192, 217, 220, 222
Graham, Colonel J.J. (James John), 35, 56-60, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 78, 81-83, 114, 121, 122, 160, 172, 181, 183, 197, 206, 211, 233 n.8
Grant, General (USA) Ulysses S., 53, 135, 157, 215
Greene, Colonel (USA) Joseph I., 139, 172, 175, 189, 192
Greenstein, Fred, 159
Griess, Colonel (USA) Thomas, 51
Griffith, General (USMC) Samuel B., 133, 250-51
Gulf War, 27, 203, 207
Gurwood, Colonel (UK) John, 43
Gustavus Adolphus, 13, 45
H
Hahlweg, Werner, 134, 135, 206, 250-51 n.19, n.21, n.29
Haig, Field-Marshal Sir Douglas, 5, 75-77, 90, 91, 106, 107
Haldane, Richard Burton, 73, 85
Halleck, General (USA) Henry Wager, 51, 54
Hamilton, General (UK) Ian, 85
Hamley, Sir Edward B., 48, 71, 72, 77, 80, 83, 153
Hankey, Maurice, 98
Hansell, General (USAF) Haywood S., 151, 254 n.7
Hay, John, 51, 53
Henderson, Colonel (UK) George Francis Robert, 64, 71, 79-81, 83, 90, 91, 104, 107, 110, 120, 133, 147, 163, 173, 214, 217
Higham, Robin, 150
"High priest of Napoleon," as epithet for Clausewitz, 31, 138, 140, 142, 166
Hintze, Otto, 259 n.78
Historicism, in Clausewitz's theory, 13, 14, 220
Hitler, Adolph, 23, 125, 151, 177, 185
military resistance to, 248 n.9
Hittle, Bridadier General (USMC) J.D., 122
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 129
Howard, Sir Michael Eliot, 3, 9, 58, 67, 77, 79, 85, 107, 132, 135, 138, 140, 185, 197, 204
Hunt, Barry D., 97
Huntington, Samuel P., 200, 201, 204, 205, 215, 217
Hutchins, Robert, 184, 270 n.9
I
"Ideology of the offensive," 5, 81, 90, 103, 109, 110, 112
Indian Staff College, 90
"Indirect approach" (Liddell Hart's strategic concept), 129, 153
Infantry School (US Army), 172
"Inherent Military Probability," 180
Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton), 173, 174, 182, 189, 206
"Instruction for the Crown Prince," by Clausewitz. See Principles of War.
Irvine, Dallas D., 173
J
James, Colonel (UK) Walter Haweis, 75, 77
Japan, 7, 23, 73, 74, 102, 140, 152, 170, 100
Jellicoe, Admiral (RN) John, 96, 110
Jena, battle/campaign of, 77, 110, 125, 155
Jenkinson. See Liverpool
Johnston, Robert Matteson, 8, 54, 107, 116-121, 132, 164, 165, 168, 171, 175, 192, 212
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 152, 203
Jolles, Otto Jolle Matthijs, 172, 181, 183-185, 193
Jomini, Antoine-Henri, 15-19, 21, 25, 27, 36, 38, 43, 47, 50-52, 54, 57, 60-62, 65, 67, 68, 69-71, 75, 77, 83, 87, 95, 97, 105, 106, 110, 113, 116, 118, 122, 125, 130, 133, 142, 152, 153, 155, 166, 198, 208, 209, 216, 217, 225 n.5, n.8, n.9, 226 n.10
Jutland, battle of, 96
K
Kahn, Herman, 197
Keegan, John, 180, 261-262 n.16
Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact (1928), 148, 164, 191
Kennedy, John F., 129, 162
Kiggell, General (UK) Launcelot E., 75, 90, 104, 110
Kingston-McCloughry, Air Vice-Marshal (RAF) Edgar James, 150
Kissinger, Henry A., 161, 190, 197-198, 200, 205
Kitchener, Field-Marshal Herbert, 85
Kleinman, Forrest K., Master Sergeant (USA), 197
Kleist, Field Marshal Paul von, 247-48 n.1
Knorr, Klaus, 135, 206
Korean War, 109, 115, 157, 200, 215
Kriegsakademie, 153, 154, 247-48 n.1
L
Lanza, Colonel (USA) Conrad H., 155
Lauterbach, Albert, 250 n.10, 262 n.25
Lawrence, T.E., ("Lawrence of Arabia"), 74, 126, 127, 143
League of Nations, 84, 145, 148
Lebow, Ned, 201, 221
Leeb, General Ritter von, 214
Lenin, Vladimir I., 198, 245 n.4, 265 n.12, n.16
Lewal, Jules Louis, 87
Liddell Hart, Captain Sir Basil Henry, 4, 5, 8, 21, 53, 63, 64, 67, 68, 83, 93, 105, 106, 112, 114, 115, 120, 126, 128-135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141-149, 150, 153, 165, 167, 179, 182, 185, 190, 192, 196, 197, 200, 201, 204-206, 212, 213, 216, 218, 219, 220
Limited Liability, doctrine of, 129
Lincoln, Abraham, 51-55, 80, 91, 120, 148, 157, 171, 215, 231-32 n.9, n.10, n.12, 239 n.7
Liverpool, Cecil Cope Jenkinson, Third Lord, 42, 62
Lloyd George, David, 76, 147
Lovat, Major-General Simon Joseph Fraser, 14th Baron, 101
Ludendorff, General Erich von, 12, 124, 125, 131, 132, 145, 178
Ludlow, General (USA) William, 38, 85, 86
Luttwak, Edward N., 199
Lyttelton, General Sir Neville, 75
M
MacArthur, General (USA) Douglas, 157, 158, 215, 157
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 152
Maguire, T. (Thomas) Miller, 58, 78, 82-83, 104, 105, 110, 160
Mahan, Alfred Thayer (USN), 83, 85, 90, 95, 96, 98, 99, 102, 114, 150, 152, 153, 163, 164, 166, 175, 188, 192, 204, 216
Mahan, Dennis Hart, 51
"Mahdi of Mass" (as nick-name for Clausewitz), 46, 63, 93, 113, 131, 149, 185
Makarov, Admiral (Russian Navy) Stepan Osipovich, 95
Makers of Modern Strategy (1943, 1986), 114, 174, 176, 178, 185
Malcolm, Angus, 207
Maltzahn, Admiral Curt Freiherr von, 61, 94, 95, 99, 109, 147
Mao Zedong, 15, 199-200, 266 n.20
Marathon, battle of, 180
Marine Corps, United States, 122, 132, 178, 203, 204
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, 28, 61, 64
Marryat, Captain (RN) Frederick, 37
Marshall, General [USA] S.L.A., 205
Marshall, General [USA] George Catlett, 158, 169, 256-57 n.38
Marxism-Leninism, 199
Massive Retaliation, strategy of, 158, 159, 197
Mathematics, in military theory, 18, 21, 25-26, 46, 100, 102, 126, 208, 269 n.60
Chaos theory, 26
linearity and nonlinearity, 26, 32, 216, 217, 226 n.9, 227 n.32
Maude, Colonel (UK) Frederick Natusch, R.E., 52, 56-58, 69, 71, 74, 78, 81-82, 90, 104, 106, 110, 120, 122, 130, 136, 138, 140, 148
Maurice, General Frederick Barton, 147-48, 163, 192, 202, 212, 214, 253 n.16, 254 n.22, 263 n.37
Maurice, General Sir John Frederick, 64, 70-72, 74, 79, 82, 83, 84, 90, 104, 110, 114, 145, 147, 192, 211, 212, 217, 219, 233 n.8, 244 n.40
McClellan, General (USA) George B., 52, 157, 215
Mearsheimer, John, 134
Meckel, General (German army) Jakob, 74, 87, 89, 112
Meyers, Admiral (USN) George Julian, 61, 115, 152, 163, 164, 175, 189, 192, 216
Military correspondent of the Times, 74, 129, 145, 217.
See also Times newspaper, London
Military education, 48, 69, 72, 84, 114, 175, 222
Military genius (as a theoretical concept), 11, 25, 29, 38, 53, 77, 88, 108, 162, 218
and rules, 17
and issue of character vs intellect, 11, 162, 218
Military history, the study of, 3, 15, 42, 43, 48, 60, 62, 72, 80, 85, 110, 117, 120, 153, 154, 160, 177, 178, 179, 180, 205, 208
Clausewitz's use of, 14, 38, 45, 179, 185, 224 n.2
Military reform. See Reform, military
Mitchell, Colonel (UK) John, 39-41, 54, 57, 61, 62, 64, 211, 219
Mitchell, General (USAAC) William (Billy), 150-151
Moderation (in war). See War, moderation in
Moltke, Field Marshal Helmuth von, 3, 15, 19-21, 23, 35, 56, 60, 65, 67-69, 82, 85, 88, 91-93, 95, 102, 130, 133, 147, 153, 155, 159, 175, 181, 217
Mommsen, Theodor, 178
Montgomery, Field-Marshal Bernard Law, 133, 192
Montross, Lynn, 122, 132
Moral forces, 14, 18, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 38, 41, 44, 47, 57, 75, 79, 83, 89, 91, 92, 93, 96, 102-103, 104, 130, 133, 156, 181, 191, 204, 206, 219
Moral high ground, strategic value of, 91, 142, 213
Morality, and war, 5, 91, 113, 142, 145, 196, 212-14
Morgan, John Hartman, 123-124
Mori Ogai, 236 n.2, n.3
Morning Post newspaper, 84, 100
Mosley, Oswald (British fascist), 138
Müffling, General Friedrich Karl von, 20
Murray, John (publisher), 45
Murray, Major (Gordon Highlanders) Stewart Lygon, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 95, 104, 109, 110, 112, 126, 163
Napier, General Sir William, 61
N
Napoleon I, 10, 13, 16, 20, 23, 29, 31, 40-42, 44, 45, 51, 62, 81, 90, 117, 118, 125, 138, 140, 142, 145, 146, 153, 156, 166, 173, 179, 182, 184, 187, 208, 220
Napoleon III, 17, 61
National Defense Act of 1920 (US), 168
National Socialists (Nazis), 33, 172, 181, 182-183, 192, 249 n.16
Naval War College (US), 71, 95, 117, 162-164, 188, 203
Naval warfare, 94, 95, 96, 110, 166
Navy League (UK), 84
Navy, United States, 68, 114, 162-64, 175, 184, 192, 204, 216
Navy, Royal. See "Royal Navy." See also "Blue Water" school of naval strategy
Naylor, Colonel (USA) William K., 155-157
Nelson, Admiral (RN) Horatio, 94, 96, 179
"Neo-Clausewitzians," 197
Neuens, Major (Belgian army) Jean Baptiste Charles François, 46
"New Look" (Eisenhower Administration defense policy), 158, 161
Nickerson, Hoffman, 8, 141, 144, 164-167, 171, 175, 185, 192, 212-214, 219
Nicolay, John G., 53
"Niederwerfungsstrategie," 179
Nixon, Richard M., 159
Nonlinearity. See Mathematics
"Non-offensive defense" (NOD), 207
Nuclear weapons, 4, 7, 8, 12, 129, 139, 158, 159, 161, 162, 197-201, 205, 209, 214
Numerical superiority, in military theory, 17, 30, 44, 93, 100, 131, 170
O
"Observations on Prussia in its Great Catastrophe," by
Clausewitz, 74, 155, 207. See also Jena,
battle/campaign of
Offense and defense, relationship of, 31, 32, 33, 42, 44, 45, 47, 72, 75, 77, 81, 89-91, 93, 95, 97, 98, 101, 110, 130, 139, 145, 155, 160, 184, 199, 207, 216, 219
On War, by Clausewitz:
"misinterpretation" of, 5, 106, 130-35, 143, 179, 200, 220
philosophical background of, 224 n.1
On War, translations of:
Graham translation (1873), 58, 59, 67, 70, 72, 74, 83, 114, 121, 172, 183, 197, 206
sales of, 56, 69, 70, 74,
errors in, 57-58, 72, 233 n.8
Graham/Maude version (1908), 74, 78, 81-82, 122
sales of, 74, 82
Howard/Paret translation (1976), 3, 58, 135, 152, 204, 205, 207
sales of, 3
problems with, 58, 234 n.11
Jolles translation (1943), 172, 183
Maguire translation, See Maguire, T. (Thomas) Miller
Orwell, George, 144, 278 n.9
Osgood, Robert E., 200, 201, 204, 205, 222
P
Palmer, General (USA) John McAuley, 78, 120, 154, 167-171, 174, 175, 189, 192, 212, 216, 219
Paret, Peter, 3, 4, 9, 37, 57, 58, 79, 80, 92, 135, 186, 190, 204-208, 219, 220
Patton, General (USA) George S., 78, 153, 154, 160, 192
"Pax Britannica," 91
Personal experience, role in military theory, 38, 47, 52, 219
"Pied Piper of Modern Military Thought," as description of Clausewitz, 196
Pilcher, General (UK) Thomas David, 121, 122
"Plan 1919," 137, 140
"Plan of a War Designed to Lead to the Total Defeat of an Enemy," in On War, 88, 111
Playne, Caroline E., 124
"Poles of strategy," in Delbrück's theory, 89, 179, 187.
See also Strategy, attrition and annihilation (Ermattungsstrategie and Niederwerfungsstrategie)
Polish origins of Clausewitz, accusations of, 125-26, 146
Pope-Hennessy, Major-General (UK) Ladislaus Herbert
Richard, 92, 99
Possony, Stefan T., 174
Principles of war, 38, 76, 77, 78, 107, 137, 147, 153, 156, 160, 187, 202
Principles of War (also called "Instruction for the Crown Prince"), by Clausewitz, 10, 13, 16, 27, 28, 58, 74, 95, 107, 120, 162, 173, 181-182, 220
Professionalism, military, 58, 65, 71, 84, 118, 119, 120, 154, 165, 183, 201, 215, 216, 217
Propaganda, 21, 123, 142, 166, 172
Public opinion, 27, 29, 32, 125, 147, 156, 166, 213
Pursuit, in Clausewitz's theory, 32, 42, 121, 143
Q
Quemoy and Matsu, 159
R
RAND Corporation, 201
Rapoport, Anatol, 58, 197
Rationality in war. See War and rationality
Rawlinson, General Sir Henry, 75
Reform(s)
military, 4, 33, 37, 38-41, 46, 47, 49, 57, 60, 62, 71, 73, 77, 81, 84, 95, 121, 203, 211-212, 217, 219
Cardwell, 48-49,
Goldwater-Nichols, 203
Haldane, 73,
social, 33, 47, 48, 52, 62, 163, 211-212
Repington, Colonel (UK) Thomas à Court, 6, 74, 77, 83, 90, 100, 101, 104, 106, 110, 116, 129, 145
Roberts, Field-Marshal Lord Frederick Sleigh, 85, 101, 102, 104, 109, 112,
Robertson, Field-Marshal Sir William ("Wully") Robert, 7, 75-77, 105, 147, 215, 219
Robinson, Colonel (USA) Oliver Prescott, 156-57
Root, Elihu, 85-86, 117
Ropp, Theodore, 205
Rosinski, Herbert, 114, 115, 146, 163, 172, 174, 179, 180, 186-189, 190, 193, 205, 218, 219, 220
Rothfels, Hans, 114, 165, 172, 174, 180, 185-186, 187, 193, 205, 219, 220
Rowan-Robinson, H., 144, 148, 214
Royal Navy, 38, 42, 91, 94, 96, 97, 100
Russo-Japanese War, 97, 99, 100, 102, 107
Rüstow, Friedrich Wilhelm, 65, 87
S
Sabertash, Orlando (pseud. for John Mitchell), 39
Sandburg, Carl, 51, 278 n.9
Sandhurst, 38, 48, 56, 71, 136
Saxe, Maurice de, 16, 28, 126, 143, 182
Scharnhorst, General (Prussian army) Gerhard Johann David von, 31-33, 142, 227 n.45
Schimmelfennig, General (USA) Alexander, 52
Schlieffen, Field Marshal Alfred von, 89, 178, 181, 198, 207
School for Advanced Military Studies (SAMS, U.S. Army), 152, 203
Schurman, Donald M., 96-97
Schurz, Carl, 52, 54, 232 n.14
Schweppenburg, General Leo Geyer von, 248 n.1
Science, attempts to apply principles of to military theory, 18, 20-22, 39, 40, 51, 81, 87, 88, 126, 138, 139, 144, 145, 175, 204, 207, 218
Sea power, 18, 61, 94-103, 151, 166
Seeckt, General Hans von, 247 n.20
Seversky. See "De Seversky"
Sheridan, General (USA) Philip, 70, 169
Sherman, General (USA) William T., 53, 215
Shy, John, 135, 206
Sigel, General (USA) Franz, 52
Sims, Admiral (USN) William S., 163
Slade, Captain (RN) Edmond, 97, 101
Sloane, William, 141-42, 270 n.9
Social Darwinism, 82, 110, 141, 258 n.68
Social reform. See Reform, social
South African War (1899-1902), 61, 62, 75, 79, 90, 110, 121, 136, 155
Spanish-American War, 78
Specificity, in Clausewitz's theory, 24, 26-27, 33, 45, 47, 64, 72, 80, 88, 111-112, 126, 156, 172
Spicheren, battle of, 81
"Spirit of the age," in Clausewitz's theory, 13, 15, 24, 26, 64, 108, 109, 121, 171, 213, 220
Sprout, Harold, 174
Staff College, British army. See "Camberley"
Stahel (Számvald), General (USA) Julius, 52
Steinwehr, General Adolph (USA), 52
Stephenson, Nathaniel Wright, 51, 270 n.9
Stimson, Henry L., 167, 168
Strachan, Hew, 8, 35, 36, 41, 63, 72
Strategy. See also "Battle"
as "art," 21, 218
attrition and annihilation (See also Ermattungsstrategie and Niederwerfungsstrategie), 179, 180
defined, 22, 26, 28, 29, 38, 63, 64, 72, 80, 107, 120, 130-31, 132, 153, 157, 164, 180, 197
Moltke on, 20, 69
and numbers, 30, 170. See also Numerical superiority
subordination to policy, 22-23, 65, 68, 75, 76, 88, 91, 152, 153, 156, 175, 179, 192, 214-15, 216
Symmetrical and asymmetrical, 161-62
Summers, Colonel (USA) Harry G., Jr., 199, 202, 203, 207, 215, 222
Sun Tzu, 15-16, 28, 75, 133, 145, 196, 204, 225 n.3, 250-51 n.19
Symmetrical strategy. See Strategy
T
Tauroggen, Convention of, 45
Theory, Anglo-Saxon skepticism of or aversion to, 47, 111, 122, 187, 190, 216, 218
Thursfield, James R., 5, 85, 95, 102-104, 106, 109, 204
Times newspaper (London), 74, 75, 85, 102, 129, 145, 217
Total war. See War, total
Travers, Tim, 91
Trübner, Nicolas (publisher), 57
Truman-MacArthur controversy, 157, 158, 215, 266 n.23, 269-70 n.3
Tuchman, Barbara, 132
U
Universal Military Training (UMT), 154, 168, 169
Upton, General (USA) Emory, 70, 167, 173
V
Vagts, Alfred, 114, 174, 180-183, 212
and "militarism," 182
Versailles, Treaty of, 125, 140
Vidal, Gore, 51
Vietnam War, 4, 5, 49, 60, 75, 77, 115, 152, 199, 200, 202-205, 207, 209, 215, 219, 222
Violence (in military theory), 12, 13, 16, 22, 24, 38, 46, 63, 99, 140, 142, 160, 166, 183, 199, 202, 218
Vivian, Sir Robert Hussey, 57
W
Wallach, Jehuda L., 78, 207
War:
"absolute," 12-13, 25, 27, 28, 53, 100, 107, 130, 31, 138, 139, 140, 145, 151, 173, 181, 182, 183, 198, 199, 200, 201, 219
as "art" or "science," 21-22, 26, 28, 40, 130, 139, 204, 218. See also Science
as an act of force, 21, 147, 160, 197
as a continuation of policy or politics, 13, 15, 22-23, 36, 52, 53, 63, 75, 78, 97, 103, 120, 124, 147-148, 152, 164, 170, 179, 191, 197, 201, 209, 213, 219
as a duel, 21, 30, 40, 227 n.42
dynamics of, 21, 32, 36, 38, 45, 75, 81, 112, 213
limited, 5, 8, 12, 13, 14, 63, 88, 89, 92, 93, 97, 98, 99, 103, 108, 109, 118, 119, 121, 129. 139, 148, 159, 178, 199, 200, 201, 216, 220
limits of intellectualizing about, 11, 23, 24, 206
moderation in, 9, 28, 33, 46, 109, 111, 118, 123, 124, 156, 213
and rationality, 6, 21-24, 91, 108, 109, 113, 140, 156, 162, 182, 197, 198, 200, 209, 218, 219
ritualization of, 28, 29, 40
as a social phenomenon, 21, 22, 40, 140, 88, 131, 139, 144, 147, 204, 205, 213
total, 5, 12, 13, 27, 53, 63, 103, 106, 107, 113, 129, 131, 145, 172, 182, 197, 200, 216, 220
unlimited, 12, 14, 89, 97, 103, 118, 121, 139, 181
War College (US Army), 53, 71, 78, 94, 95, 97, 117, 154, 155, 158, 160, 162-164, 173, 174, 188, 199, 202, 203
Wars. See under full name (e.g., "Crimean War")
Washington, George, 171, 215
Waterloo, battle of, 41-43, 48, 61, 70, 186
Watson, C.E., 45
Watts, LTC [USAF] Barry, 203
Wedemeyer, General [USA] Albert Coady, 153, 154, 192
Weigley, Russell F., 4, 8, 24, 67, 68, 118-120, 132, 165, 213, 321-32 n.9, 235 n.5, 266 n23
Weinberger Doctrine, 3, 203, 215, 222
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, 4, 39, 41-45,
48, 54, 61, 62, 64, 71, 211, 214, 217
West Point (USMA), 78, 157, 160, 167, 169, 171, 172, 198
Western Front, 91, 106, 107, 119, 120, 129
"Westerners and Easterners" (World War One controversy). See Easterners
Wilhelm I, king of Prussia, first emperor of second-reich Germany, 20
Wilhelm II, emperor of second-reich Germany, 109
Wilkinson, Herbert Spenser, 6, 64, 71, 74, 83-86, 89-92, 95, 98-101, 102, 104, 106, 108-110, 112, 114, 116, 123, 124, 133, 141-143, 144, 145, 146, 152, 156, 163, 164, 175, 178, 189, 192, 204, 206, 211, 213, 214, 217, 221
Williams, T. Harry, 51
Willisen, Karl Wilhelm von, 65, 87
Wilson, Field-Marshal Sir Henry, 75-76, 92, 110
Wolseley, General Sir Garnet, 4, 71, 217
Woodhouse, W.J., 148
World War I, 4, 7, 8, 12, 29, 46, 61, 64, 67, 68, 71, 77, 78, 90, 96, 97, 98, 99, 104-108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116-19, 122, 129, 130, 132, 134, 136, 145, 147-49, 150, 154, 162, 168, 178, 185, 186, 191, 204, 208, 212, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220
World War II, 4, 7, 23, 96, 98, 99, 104, 114, 115, 119, 129, 130, 136, 139, 140, 141, 145, 147, 148, 151-154, 157, 159, 161, 165, 169, 173, 175, 177, 180, 191-193, 205, 206, 212, 220
Wright, Quincy, 51, 176, 191
X
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Y
Yalu, battle of the, 73
Yorck, General H.D.L. von, 42, 45
Z
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